Image from kessklaus.de

A removable orthodontic appliance designed to correct functional and skeletal anteroposterior discrepancies between the maxilla and mandible. Bionators initially look like a sort of combined upper and lower Hawley retainer, but they are not bind to the teeth and are not used for post-brace removal treatment. Bionators are held in the mouth within the space that the teeth surround when biting. They are used to expand the palate and create space for incoming teeth. You should wear bionator all times except, when eating, when brushing your teeth or when engaging in active sports. Bionator should be brushed after each meal when the teeth are brushed, also it should be brushed with a toothbrush and a toothpaste.

[Images from www.froehls.de]

This appliance combine the use of upper and lower bite blocks to position the mandible forward for skeletal Class II correction. The appliance was first developed by Scottish Orthodontist William Clark and Orthodontic Technician James Watt in 1977. The Twin Block has become the most popular functional appliance in use in the United Kingdom and is gaining popularity across Europe and the USA. The Twin Block appliance is used to help a receded jaw grow forward and skinny or narrow jaws grow wider to help you keep all of your permanent teeth. Clark Twin Block appliance Indicated for following malocclusions

• Class II Division I
• Class II Division 2
• Class I open bites
• Class I closed bites
• Class III
• Lateral arch constriction
• Anterior/posterior arch length discrepancies
• Can also be used effectively in TMJ therapy